Friday, January 31, 2020
Critically explore the term postfeminism in relation to any aspect of Essay
Critically explore the term postfeminism in relation to any aspect of contemporary culture in a national context of your choice - Essay Example Others such as Lotz argue that post-feminism is a part of third wave feminism (2001). According to Lotz, post-feminism includes poststructuralism and women-of-colour feminism influenced by poststructuralist, postmodern and postcolonial ideologies. In another representation of post-feminism, Rachel Moseley, a media critic sees post-feminism as a â€Å"re-evaluation of the tension which was often thought to exist between feminism and femininity†(Richardson 2006, p. 163). By this, she implies that post-feminism puts feminity (such as glamour and sexual objectification of women) back into feminist politics that originally are against feminity. 6 Some critics such as Tania Modleski take an opposite stance and argue that post-feminism is in fact discarding the achievements of second wave feminists by â€Å"delivering us back to a prefeminist world†(Richardson 2006, p. 164). Thus, there are paradoxical and opposing representations of the term ‘post-feminism’ and this contradiction is also reflected in the characters played in contemporary media. 6 The first use of the term ‘post-feminism’ was in 1920s press when it stated that feminist activism was not needed any longer and that a post-feminist era had dawned (Lotz 2001). The term’s critical academic use was in the post-second-wave era when it was defined as an emerging ideology and culture which incorporated, depoliticized and revised a large number of fundamental issues put forth by second-wave feminism (Lotz 2001). Faludi later on used the term to state that women no longer cared about feminism (McRobbie 2004). 6 Authors have debated post-feminism in terms of gender politics in popular magazines such as Time and People. However, there is no shared understanding of this term and its theoretical explorations are very expansive and unclear. Earlier representations of women in media, such as Mary Richards in The Mary Tyler Moore Show during the 1980s and 90s
Thursday, January 23, 2020
British Literature Women Of Lo :: essays research papers
The star football player was about to be forced off the team because of poor academic grades. In desperation, the coach approached the Dean of the college and swore on his honor that he would give the lad a final exam in one of his subjects, and if the boy didn’t pass he would take him from the team immediately.      The night before the big game the coach met with the boy to test him.      â€Å"What,†asked the coach, â€Å"is the name of the first recorded piece of British Literature?†     â€Å"Coach,†replied the boy, â€Å"I don’t have the slightest idea.†     â€Å"That’s right!†exclaimed the coach, â€Å"You don’t! Okay, you’re in the starting line-up tomorrow!†     This could be my story. I play sports-any sport-all sports-football, basketball, baseball you name it. The thought of my enjoying British Literature seems hard for even me to believe.      When faced with this assignment, I found myself in a slight panic. However, much to my surprise, it wasn’t all that bad.      In going over the choices, I knew I had to choose to write about women, and their roles in these tales. The fact that they were involved in sex, deceit, and adultery had nothing to do with my decision. And as Oscar Wilde said, â€Å"The world is packed with good and evil women. To know them is a middle class education.†I’m certainly a believer in that philosophy! After all, that’s why I’m in school.      In beginning to compare and contrast the role of women the The Wife of Bath’s Tale, by Geoffrey Chaucer, The Second Shepherd’s Play, by Wakefield Master, and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, by Sir Gawain, one needs to look closely at the stories.      The Wife of Bath’s , tale is a brief Arthurian romance incorporating the widespread theme of the â€Å"loathly lady.†It is the story of a woman magically transformed into an ugly shape who can be restored to her former state only be some specific action. It also embodies some surprising traces of the courtly tradition, along with The Second Shepherd’s Play, and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. All three tales seem to illustrate the transforming power of love for their men. Although they were are different they all showed the effect of their love. That the true lover cannot be corrupted by avarice; love makes an ugly and rude person shine with all beauty. They know how to endow with nobility even one of humble birth. British Literature Women Of Lo :: essays research papers The star football player was about to be forced off the team because of poor academic grades. In desperation, the coach approached the Dean of the college and swore on his honor that he would give the lad a final exam in one of his subjects, and if the boy didn’t pass he would take him from the team immediately.      The night before the big game the coach met with the boy to test him.      â€Å"What,†asked the coach, â€Å"is the name of the first recorded piece of British Literature?†     â€Å"Coach,†replied the boy, â€Å"I don’t have the slightest idea.†     â€Å"That’s right!†exclaimed the coach, â€Å"You don’t! Okay, you’re in the starting line-up tomorrow!†     This could be my story. I play sports-any sport-all sports-football, basketball, baseball you name it. The thought of my enjoying British Literature seems hard for even me to believe.      When faced with this assignment, I found myself in a slight panic. However, much to my surprise, it wasn’t all that bad.      In going over the choices, I knew I had to choose to write about women, and their roles in these tales. The fact that they were involved in sex, deceit, and adultery had nothing to do with my decision. And as Oscar Wilde said, â€Å"The world is packed with good and evil women. To know them is a middle class education.†I’m certainly a believer in that philosophy! After all, that’s why I’m in school.      In beginning to compare and contrast the role of women the The Wife of Bath’s Tale, by Geoffrey Chaucer, The Second Shepherd’s Play, by Wakefield Master, and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, by Sir Gawain, one needs to look closely at the stories.      The Wife of Bath’s , tale is a brief Arthurian romance incorporating the widespread theme of the â€Å"loathly lady.†It is the story of a woman magically transformed into an ugly shape who can be restored to her former state only be some specific action. It also embodies some surprising traces of the courtly tradition, along with The Second Shepherd’s Play, and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. All three tales seem to illustrate the transforming power of love for their men. Although they were are different they all showed the effect of their love. That the true lover cannot be corrupted by avarice; love makes an ugly and rude person shine with all beauty. They know how to endow with nobility even one of humble birth.
Wednesday, January 15, 2020
Frankenstein and Blade Runner Essay
Frankenstein and blade runner essay Which text do you feel better represents the values of the composer? You must refer to both texts in detail Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein and Ridley Scott’s Blade Runner are two texts from different centuries, but they both share the same values, themes and issues including; the natural world, scientific advancement, morality of humans and responsibility. Both texts use a variety of techniques to represent their values, themes and issues. The techniques used in both texts are reflective of their context and are able to strongly represent the values of both Frankenstein and Blade Runner. Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein was written in 1818. This was a period where romanticism was developing, a time which focused on the sublimity of nature and on the individual. This theme is evident throughout the novel and is used to emphasise the emotions of the characters and to suggest the power of nature for both beauty and destruction. Shelley often uses the sublimity of nature as an invigorating device for victor, â€Å"when happy, inanimate nature had the power of bestowing on me the most delightful sensations. A serene sky and verdant fields filled me with ecstasy. The present season was indeed divine; the flowers of spring bloomed in the hedges, while those of summer were already in bud. †Vivid imagery is used here to illuminate the peacefulness and contemplation of the sublime nature that is constantly surrounding victor. Shelley has also illustrated this notion further by the use of alliteration, â€Å"serene sky†, to capture how perfect the world is at that time, which reinforces the peacefulness of nature and how victor feels when he is surrounded by the natural world. Ridley Scott’s Blade Runner is set in a corrupted 21st century world. Similarly to Frankenstein, the natural world is evident but in Blade Runner it is seen as the unnatural world. In the first panoramic shot, the audience sees a destroyed world, a dark industrial urban wasteland which is heavily polluted. Visual irony is created here as it is meant to be Los Angeles, which means â€Å"city of angels†, but we see that it looks more like hell. We see that nature has been destroyed. Animals are rare and are presumed extinct, although the unicorn is seen as a natural creature in a natural setting. The unicorn symbolises the ambiguity of hope, freedom and spirit. There is no sign of any trees or plants except for a miniature Bonsai tree symbolising mans inherent desire to control nature to conform to what humanity believes is a better version. We also see constant darkness and rain, which is known as film noir and are the only aspects the audience sees when in an outside scene. The panoramic shot and film noir speculate the natural is now off world, that there is nothing natural, which creates a post apocalyptic tone. Shelley’s world was moving forward into the direction of industrialisation, exploration and scientific research. This is conveyed through characters such as Victor, Walton and Clerval who are all searching, exploring and attempting to make a discovery. We see in the start of the book Victor has an interest for natural philosophy, â€Å"natural philosophy is the genius that has regulated my fate. †The use of personification suggests that natural philosophy is a person that Victor idolises and wants to know everything he possibly can about it causing his interest to turn into an obsession. i became dizzy with immensity of the prospect which it illustrated, as surprised, that among so many men of genius who had directed their enquiries towards the same science, that i alone should be reserved to discover so astonishing a secret. †This quote establishes that Victor is intelligent and is able to intellectually break barriers beyond those that have ever been broken an d discover the source of life. Hence, now being able to create his ‘monster’. Similarly in Scott’s film we see that 21st century L. A is all about scientific activity and advancements in technology. It is a world based on commerce, as we can see throughout the entire film through the blimp that promotes going off world and big wall signs i. e. the Asian lady taking pills. Technology is also used to detect what is and isn’t human i. e. the Voight Komph test. Disembodied voices are used on the street i. e. when crossing roads it says â€Å"walk†and â€Å"don’t walk†. All these aspects of technology are a way of controlling the population of L. A. Scientific activity is seen through Tyrell, a scientist, who is the creator of all replicant things i. e. humans and animals. â€Å"Commerce is our goal here and our motto is more human than human†, this quote was said by Tyrell and reflects on Tyrell’s attitude towards life. He takes the role of God, creating life trying to make the replicants smarter and stronger than real humans, feeling as though he is dominant over everyone else in the world. This is shown through upwards tilt of the camera on Tyrell’s building, making him appear larger and above everybody else. Victor Frankenstein does not truly contemplate of foresee the consequences of his scientific quest to create life, nor does he take the moral responsibility for his creation afterwards. Victor continually justifies why he refuses to take responsibility for his creation, which is solely because he doesn’t want to incriminate himself and be punished, although he stated â€Å" a new species would bless me as its create and source; many happy and excellent natures would owe their being to me. This shows Victor’s lack of morality and reveals his ego through the use of unreliable narrator. Scott’s film raises concerns of scientific advancements and its lack of morality and responsibility for those it affects. Blade Runner represents its values through ambiguity. Blade Runner leaves it up to the viewer’s own judgement of morality and responsibility within the film. An example of this is through the use of cinematography in the scene where Deckard ‘retiresà ¢â‚¬â„¢ Zhora. Passersby walk past without showing any concern or emotion to what has happened. The lack of morality and responsibility arouses deep emotions of anger and dislike. Scott is not as assertive in representing his values as Shelley is. Through the use of camera shots, cinematography and irony he easily represents his values but through the use of ambiguity he leaves things for interpretation from the viewers. Due to the ambiguity present in Blade Runner, some viewers may be unable to identify the values that are present, so therefore the values stated in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein are better represented.
Tuesday, January 7, 2020
Distance Education Essay - 1550 Words
Distance Education Traditionally, in the field of education, courses have been designed and student/teacher interactions have taken place through the teaching/learning process where the student and teacher are in the same location at the same time discussing the same topic. Students and teachers usually meet in this predetermined location at a predetermined time to interact in a classroom setting. The absence of either party usually has a negative result. Distance education has captured the interest of educators because it removes the restrictions of time and location for the involved learner and the teacher. Distance learning is taking instruction to the student through technology rather than the student to the instruction (Cohen,†¦show more content†¦222). In asynchronic learning, the teacher and students interact but do not deal with the same topic at the same time (Cohen, 1999, p. 222). Non-interactive learning is mainly represented by the World Wide Web where the media transfersthe knowle dge to the learner. Distance education in its many forms is organized so that it is at some point between totally interactive and completely non-interactive learning. Many reasons have emerged showing the need for developing, implementing, and evaluating distance learning programs. Schools in the modern world have found it important to improve their efficiency. Educational achievements, economic growth, and international competitiveness are bound together (Offir Lev, 1999, p. 132). However, education throughout the world is not equal for all people for many varying reasons. The lack of good teachers is cited by Offir and Lev (1999) as the main reason for a lack of equality in education. Additionally, many underdeveloped countries have not developed good educational systems to benefit the learner. Oftentimes, the student is not in close proximity to an institution of higher learning or the student is not available to take courses at times when courses are offered due to job and/or family obligations. So it has become the goal of distance education to provide degree granting programs, to battle illiteracy in developing countries, to provide trainin g opportunities forShow MoreRelatedFice Of Distance Education1121 Words  | 5 Pagesbenefits for each of these styles of learning. The Ohio State University should become a blended school in order to capitalize on the strengths of both forms of schooling, and recently they have taken steps in this direction. The Office of Distance Education and eLearning is a recently adopted strategy at OSU as an attempt to aid students from foreign countries in keeping up with other students. The ODEE is primarily utilized as a resource for students in which English is a second language. HistoricallyRead MoreThe Impact Of Distance Education On Education2180 Words  | 9 Pagestechnology helped form a new type of education. This type of education is an alternative to the more traditional approach to education. Some individuals oppose the new form of learning stating that it is ineffective. While those who favor it assert that it’s a type of learning that is beneficial to students. This new form of learning commonly occurs exclusively through cyberspace and is referred to as distance education. Distance education is a type of education that combines typical teaching methodsRead MoreFice Of Distance Education1110 Words  | 5 Pagesbenefits for each of these styles of learning. The Ohio State University should become a blended school in order to capitalize on the strengths of both forms of schooling, and recently they have taken steps in this direction. The Office of Distance Education and eLearning is a recently adopted strategy at OSU as an attempt to aid students from foreign countries in keeping up with other students. The ODEE is primarily utilized as a resource for students in which English is a second language. HistoricallyRead MoreOnline Education Is A Type Of Distance Learning1142 Words  | 5 PagesIntroduction Online education is a type of distance learning that involves taking college courses without attending the campus. Instead students and professors interact over the Internet. It utilizes the Internet or video conferencing to create learning communities. Course materials are provided on a Web site and are occasionally found on CD-ROM; email, bulletin boards, forums, and chat rooms are used to interact with other students and teachers. (â€Å"Online Learning?†2015) In 1873 the first officialRead MoreEssay on Distance Education1173 Words  | 5 PagesDistance Education Since the dawn of the Industrial Revolution in the nineteenth century, advances in technology have provided people with the means for a new form of education, known today as distance education. In recent decades, the wondrous array of electronic communications technology has given distance education new status. It seems to have something to offer almost everyone. It is now a normal form of education for those in employment, for homemakers and for those who choose not toRead MoreDistance Education Essay1547 Words  | 7 PagesDistance education has changed and grown a lot from external studies and correspondence education during the last century. Distance education has become a recognized phenomenon today, thanks to technology which has shortened the physical distances. DEVELOPMENT OF DISTANCE EDUCATION The evolution of Distance education could be divided in four periods. The first period was from 1850 to 1960, this generation used correspondence classes which used radio and instructional television. The secondRead More Distance Education Essay2074 Words  | 9 PagesDistance Education The American Education System over the years is developing a new way of schooling. Many colleges are resorting to this type of learning which is called Distance Education. Distance Education is possible through the new advancements and technologies of computers. This new ideal learning has beneficial and negatives attributes, raises the differences between teaching in a classroom verses distance education, key players that are involved and schools who are offering thisRead MoreDistance Education Means Online Education812 Words  | 4 Pagesin the 21st century, distance education means online education, the use of the Internet to create a computer-based learning connection between instructor and student (Larreamendy-Joerns Leinhardt, 2006). In today’s increasingly technological world, nearly 70% of top academic leaders agree that online learning is part of the academic world’s future, and as of 2013, nearly 1/3 of higher education students were enrolled in an online course (Kentnor, 2015). Although distance education’s rapid evolutionRead More Distance Education Essay1630 Words  | 7 PagesDistance Education Distance education is a process that creates and provides access to learning when time and distance separate the source of information and the learners(Zhang, 1998, p.1). Distance education defies time and space and can help create a virtual schoolhouse, or a ‘classroom without walls’(Wheat, 1998, p.1). The need to take the distance out of education has not been driven largely by sheer need to bridge physical separations. It has been based mainly on providing accessRead MoreThe Education Of Distance Education929 Words  | 4 PagesToday when one hears words like online learning or distance education, thoughts of digitized content, and images of different types of technological media frequently come to mind. However, traditionally it has been revealed that distance education is actually not a new phenomenon at all. Historically speaking one could actually uncover that distance education was practiced in the United States in the form of correspondence schools as early as the eighteenth century. In fact, one of the first
Monday, December 30, 2019
Struggle Of Infertility For Couples - 1173 Words
Struggle of Infertility for Couples Stephanie Duffin Nursing 212 Ameritech College of Healthcare Struggle of Infertility for Couples Couples dealing with infertility have many issues they may need support with. Some of the biggest problems they may have can be physical, but it is important to remember the psychological, emotional, and financial problems as well. Infertility is usually a problem that requires assistance from other individuals and the many resources available in the community. A couple may struggle for a long time if they try to go through infertility alone. An extra burden on the relationship can be lightened if the couple seeks help from those around them, including family, friends, and professionals. Some†¦show more content†¦(These side effects have not been documented in men.) Other infertility medications may cause depression, mania, irritability, and thinking problems. Patients and clinicians may find it hard to figure out which reactions are psychological and which are caused by medications -- yet identifying causes is essential for determining ne xt steps. (The psychological impact of infertility and its treatment, 2009, 05). Knowledge about the side effects can help reduce anxiety and stress on the couple if they are experienced. More complex infertility may require resources such as a sperm or egg bank for something like in vitro fertilization. This is a process where a sperm and egg are fertilized in a culture dish, and then implanted into a uterus. Many couples have success with this process, but it is an expensive procedure. One reason a couple may need help with in vitro is financially because of the expense. Insurance companies usually do not pay for in vitro, and it can cost over $10,000. Only 15 states mandate insurance coverage for infertility treatment, and the extent of coverage varies. Costs of infertility treatments are significant. The average cost for an IVF cycle using fresh embryos, for example, is $8,158, with an additional $3,000 to $5,000 per cycle for fertility drugs. For patients who do not have insura nce coverage orShow MoreRelatedInfertility’s Effects on the Macbeths Essay1168 Words  | 5 Pageshappens, though, if the â€Å"baby in the baby carriage†never comes to fruition? Millions of couples struggle with infertility every year. Despite relentless effort and sometimes even therapy, many relationships become strained by the curse of sterility. Both partners in a childless (yet child-wanting) couple feel the tension of the struggle to become parents. One literature-based couple that struggles with infertility is Shakespeare’s Macbeths. Both Macbeth and Lady Macbeth yearn for a child and reactRead MoreInfertility is reported to affect one in every six couples in Ireland (CAHR, 2005). Others advise1300 Words  | 6 PagesInfertility is reported to affect one in every six couples in Ireland (CAHR, 2005). Others advise that infertility effects one in every five couples (Murphy, 2008). Considering this high percentage rate of people affected by infertil ity in Ireland one would think that there would be a great level of public awareness about the condition and appropriate support services in place to support this vulnerable client group. Unfortunately this is not the case. While there has no doubt been substantial advancesRead MoreDifferent Approaches For A Infertile Couples1385 Words  | 6 PagesDifferent Approaches Used to Treat Infertile Couples Research on applicability of specific models of couple therapy for couples facing issues around infertility and treatment is limited because of the array of psychological and interpersonal problems the couples face. One approach researched is cognitive behavioral marital therapy (CBMT). According to theorists of cognitive-behavior, change in behaviors within a couple arises through marital distress (Myers Wark, 1996). The behaviors occur disproportionatelyRead MoreSynthesis Of Interventions1406 Words  | 6 PagesIII-Synthesis of Interventions Much of the research regarding infertility has limitations both ethically and financially in the realm of fertility and pregnancy. It is difficult to treat a woman or man with an intervention technique for infertility treatment because of the unknown long-term affect that could affect a mother, father, or child. In this synthesis of interventions, peer reviewed research is analyzed to understand the recommended interventions of the authors and to better comprehendRead MoreDrinking Embryos1118 Words  | 5 Pagesmany couples who struggle with infertility and otherwise unable to conceive.†¯The biggest advantage of IVF is to successfully go through a pregnancy only to be pregnant to a healthy baby. IVF allows this to become reality for people who can’t have the privilege to have babies maybe because of: Blocked tubes:†¯For women with blocked or damaged fallopian tubes prevents them from having babies, so IVF provides the best opportunity of having a child using their own eggs. Male infertility:†¯Couples withRead MoreCross culturally fertility and childbearing are a major concern due to the significance of passing1400 Words  | 6 Pages Additionally, in many cultures the children are responsible for the care of their parents when they become elderly. Infertility is a universal concern in both Western and developing countries. It is estimated that up to 168 million people across the globe are affected with infertility. The bulk of these cases reside within developing countries (Vayena Rowe, 2002). When couples are having trouble conceiving a child it is a source of distress for both partners (Helman, 2007, p. 176). This distressRead MoreEssay on In-Vitro-Fertilization: Should it be Used?984 Words  | 4 Pageswomen ages 15-44 who have ever used infertility services: 7.4 million.†This is a massive number of people that use this service. In-vitro fertilization’s advancement in medical technology allows people to have children despi te any physical disability, relationship type, or even political controversy. Disabilities are the number one reason women and couples use In-vitro fertilization. Women can have multiple reasons that they are unable to have children: infertility and impaired fecundity, the inabilityRead More`` Breed `` By Scott Spencer1320 Words  | 6 Pagesa wealthy couple, Alex and Leslie Twisden, from Manhattan’s Upper East Side. They have everything anyone can only dream of and more. But it turns out that they cannot have children. After lengthy, but unsuccessful, attempts to conceive a child with the help of modern medicine, driven to despair by their own, as they believe, insolvable problem, they decide to take a desperate step: to take part in a new and absolutely experimental infertility treatment in Slovenia, which helps couples to conceiveRead MoreArtificial Reproductive Technology ( Art )1557 Words  | 7 Pagesproduce eggs, the eggs are then removed, combined with sperm, and then returned to a woman s body (Bell, 2016). ART is becoming more and more popular throughout that globe. This method of conceiving children gives women who may be struggling with infertility options that were not possible before the advent of such methods. ART is relevant to the sociological definition of global health because it is evidence of the fact that our world has become interdependent especially when it comes to medical technologyRead MorePersuasive Essay On Adoption871 Words  | 4 Pagesseems, and there are many different issues that need to be considered. Adoption is an amazing gift for couples who are unable to have children. There are many problems that couples face when they cannot conceive. It is heart-wrenching for couples who need to endure years of trying and hoping, only to see their efforts fail or end in miscarriages. Thankfully, there is a way for these childless couples to become parents through adoption. â€Å"There are approximately 1.5 million adoptees under the age of 18
Sunday, December 22, 2019
Health Promotion Study Guide Essay - 2098 Words
Unit 2 Study Guide Understand about health, illness, and wellness: (CHP 17 p. 295 PP Health Promotion and Disease Prevention) Health - is the state of complete physical, mental (emotional), and social (including spiritual) well-being, not merely the absence of disease. Health is holistic in nature; it’s the full expression of a person’s physical, emotional, social and spiritual potential. It’s a dynamic state in which the person continuously adapts to changes in the internal and external environments in order to maintain a sense of wellbeing. Health is a highly individual perception. Illness - is an event that manifests itself through observable/felt changes in the body. Illness is the state in which the physical, emotional, social,†¦show more content†¦Dry arm pit if moist. Place thermometer bulb in center of axilla. In order to obtain a more accurate reading it must be left in place for a long time. Temporal Artery: Safe, noninvasive and very fast. Equipment slightly more expensive, as it is a scanning infrared thermometer. The probe is placed in the middle of the forehead then drawn laterally to the hairline. If Pt has perspiration on forehead the probe is also touched behind earlobe. Levels of preventive health care: Three levels of preventative care are: Primary - focuses on health promotion and protection against specific health problems or health risks. Primary prevention precedes disease or dysfunction and is applied to generally healthy individuals or groups. Examples include: Immunizations; risk assessments for specific disease i.e. diabetes; health education about injury and poisoning prevention. Secondary- focuses on early identification of health problems and prompt intervention to alleviate health problems. Goal is to identify people in early stages of disease process and to limit future disability. It is curative in nature. It emphasizes health maintenance for people with health problems (i.e. someone with diabetes who has it under control). This level includes prevention of complications and disabilities. Examples include: Encouraging regular medical/ dental checkups; Teaching self exam of breast; screening surveys hypertension). Tertiary- focuses on restoration and rehabilitation with the goalShow MoreRelatedHealth Promotion Model Of Nursing1353 Words  | 6 Pages Health Promotion Model Amy D. Kramer Point Loma Nazarene University â€Æ' Introduction Nursing theory is important to the profession of nursing as it provides guidance to practice and helps to broaden nursing knowledge. Although nursing theory can be traced back to Florence Nightingale’s pioneer work during and after the Crimean War, it was not until the twentieth century that theory development in the nursing profession became a major part of discussion and implementation (AlligoodRead MoreNutritional Intake And Physical Activity983 Words  | 4 PagesAs I assessed my nutritional intake and physical activity over a period of time, I found that the Health Promotion Model was quite useful, especially when trying to alter certain habits. I found that the Health Promotion Model acted as a crucial guide in helping me to become the best version of myself. Another aspect of the Health Promotion Model that I found to be important is that it is self-motivated. You are the one responsible for changing your own life, which I find to be extremely importantRead MoreImp lementing School Based Programs On Reducing Absenteeism And Improving Asthma Control1276 Words  | 6 Pagestheme among the articles written about the subject. Basch (2014) highlights the exemplary approaches to control asthma. Suggestions include implementation of support and management systems, school health and mental health services, asthma education, physical education, and healthy school environments. The study, utilizing a thorough literature review, outlines the prevalence and disparities among youth with asthma. It further illustrates the direct relationship between poorly controlled asthma and theRead MoreHealth Care Organisations Are Complex And Dynamic Essay1357 Words  | 6 PagesHealth care organisations are complex and dynamic. The nature of organisations requires that managers provide leadership, as well as the supervision and coordination of employees. Organisations were created to achieve goals that were beyond the capacity of any single individual. In health care organisations, the scope and the complexity of tasks carried out in provisions of services are so great that individual staff operating on their own could not get the job done. Moreover, the necessary tasksRead MoreHealth Promotion : Theories And Models1660 Words  | 7 PagesHealth promotion utilises theories and models to guide practice. A theory is the general principles of a framework of ideas in regards to a particular topic. (Merriam-webster.com, 2016) A model is a set plan of action based on theoretical ideas to achieve a set goal. (Merriam-webster.com, 2016) The difference between a theory and a model is that a theory is related to evidence based knowledge and a model is built on this knowledge although it is presented as a process to reach certain targets. TheRead MoreThe Importance Of A Community Health Worker1216 Words  | 5 Pagestarget population to community health clinics and provided them with resources on how to improve their quality of life. African Americans and Latinos have a big disadvantage among other ethnicities due to the fact that they have less health care benefits. This Intervention required that the CHWs made visits to the participant’s homes for about 60 minutes to address issues that were going wrong in the home and what behaviors needed to be adjusted to meet their goal. This study reported the effectivenessRead MoreThe Theory Of Human Caring And The Adult Learning Theory Essay1722 Words  | 7 PagesThe philosophy and science of the Theory of Human Caring and the Adult Learning Theory will guide the development of this project (the education of caregiver in recognition of depression in elderly relatives). Both theories have historically provided robust frameworks that are learnedly in line with gl obal approaches to community health and health promotion program development. Theory of Human Caring/Science of Caring The Theory of Human Caring/Science of Caring is the work of Jean Watson and focusesRead MoreHealth Promotion Is Necessary For Improving The Health Of Patients Essay1431 Words  | 6 Pages1. Introduction i. The World Health Organization (2016), defines health promotion as the process of enabling individuals to increase control over, and to improve their health. Health promotion focuses on helping clients improve health and quality of life by addressing and preventing causes of illness, and not just on treatment and cure. ii. Also, according to the Center for Disease Prevention and Control (2015), health risk behaviors have been identified to cause much of the illness, sufferingRead MoreThe Application Of Mobile Technologies For Public Health1704 Words  | 7 PagesThis study consists of two key health promotion features which are awareness creation and health seeking behavior and both translates to behavior change which is fundamental to effective practice of public health. The key elements that influences behavior change are raising awareness of a threat which motivates people to seek information with perception that a recommended positive response will prevent the threat from happening and personal confidence that the threat will be averted. The applicationRead MoreHealth Promotion For Combating Obesity973 Words  | 4 Pages metabolic syndrome, orthopaedic complications, and a reduced life expectancy. Health promotion to combat childhood obesity is therefore needed to prevent childhood obesity and the medical risks associated with obesity. The theoretical framework that will be used is the behaviour change wheel which would guide research on health promotion techniques to prevent obesity. This essay reviews literature on health promotion for combating obesity. Childhood obesity prevalence rates have doubled up in the
Saturday, December 14, 2019
Americans with Disabilities Act 1 Free Essays
Americans with Disabilities Act The Americans with Disabilities Act Overview of the ADA of 1990 including its intended purpose, and what governmental agency oversees ADA claims The Americans with Disability Act (ADA) of 1990 was enacted by the United States Congress, signed into law by George H. W. Bush on July 26, 1990, and amended in 2009 where some changes were introduced to the act. We will write a custom essay sample on Americans with Disabilities Act 1 or any similar topic only for you Order Now ADA is a civil rights’ law that was intended to check against discrimination that can be encountered by disabled persons in the course of accessing certain services or taking part in day-to-day activities. It safeguards disabled persons against any form of bias or prejudice with respect to their condition. Whatever falls under category of disability is normally made on case-to-case basis. However, current substance abuse and visual impairment that can be remedied by lenses are not considered as disabilities by the ADA of 1990. The law was initially intended to guarantee civil right protection for people who were permanently disabled and their disabilities could not be reversed or weakened. The law was enacted enable disable persons access services enjoyed by persons who are not disabled thereby opening their horizons to all types of careers. The drafters wanted the law to be flexible to guard against eminent weakening by future case laws. To enable disabled persons enjoy equal rights with everyone else, President G. W. Bush signed ADA Amendments Act (ADAAA) into law on September 2008 (Matt, 1). Title I of the ADA 1990 deals with employment. It empowers people with disability with requisite qualifications to seek for employment in covered entities. People with disabilities can be hired, discharged, compensated, and trained just like any other worker without being discriminated. Agencies that are covered by the law include an employment agencies, labor organizations, and labor management committees. As per Title I, discrimination entails restricting job application in a manner contrary to convention, preventing qualified persons people from applying or taking up job opportunities, or making irrational and illegal job requirements to limit persons with disabilities. If entrance medical examinations have to be done, everybody else should be subjected to the process and the medical records must be treated with a lot of confidentiality. This title does not offer protection to individuals currently engaged in illegal use of drugs (Matt, 1). Title II of the Act deals with Public entities. This title prohibits any form of discrimination that can be met on the people with disability by public entities at local and state levels. Access here implies both physical and pragmatic access. It is supposed to check against discriminatory policies instituted by such public entities. It applies to public transportation that public entities offer (Matt, 1). Title III captures public accommodation and commercial facilities. The title criminalizes discrimination based on disability with special focus on full and equal enjoyment of the goods, services, facilities, or accommodations of any public accommodation by the proprietors, leasers, or operators. Public accommodation here means recreational facilities, lodgings, transportation, educational, and places of public displays. Under this title, all new constructions have to comply with Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines anchored in the Code of Federal Regulations. This title also applies to existing facilities. Exemptions to the regulation provided in the title include private clubs and religious organizations. However, historical properties and other public and private buildings must comply with the provisions of this title and failure may lead to legal proceedings. However, if following usual standards threaten to destroy historical significance of the feature of the building, they are under obligation to use other standards (Matt, 2). Title IV of the ADA deals with telecommunications. This title amended the Communications Act of 1934. All telecommunication companies are required to cater for the needs of the disabled especially the deaf and those with speech impairment (Matt, 3). Title V of ADA deals with miscellaneous provisions that are basically technical provisions. It also includes anti-retaliation or coercion provisions. Many government agencies act in concert to ensure that the ADA of 1990 is implemented. The United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission presides over employment related ADA provisions. The Department of Transportation regulates statutes related transportation. Other agencies include United States Department of Agriculture, Department of labor, Department of Education, United States Department of Interior, United States Department of Housing and Urban Development, United States Department of Health and Human Services, and Federal Communications Commission (Matt, 4). Statutory definition of â€Å"disability†and â€Å"reasonable accommodation†under the ADA of 1990 The ADA Act of 1990 defines disability as an impairment that substantially limits major life activity. ADA defines impairment as a physiological disorder or condition, cosmetic disfigurement, anatomical, neurological, musculoskeletal, respiratory, cardiovascular, reproductive losses. The Act further defines impairment as a mental or psychological disorder. Nevertheless, the explanations of impairment under the ADA regulation do not include physical traits, common personality traits, cultural and economic aspects as these elements come naturally and cannot be altered by man (Matt, 1). The Act excludes certain statutory requirements while trying to define disability like those currently using illegal drugs. Emotional acts such as thought, focus, and making contact with others also make up major life activities in reference to the EEOC. The phrase substantially limits features in the ADA definition of disability. An impairment on qualifies to be a disability if it limits life activities. For an impairment to be referred to as a disability, a person must be meaningfully limited in his or her competency to undertake certain activities relative to the average person drawn from the general public. Some of the very essential aspects to consider in this area are nature and extent of the disability, the time interval that the persons has been disabled, and how the impairment affects the individual’s ability to partake in everyday tasks (Acemoglu and Angrist 920). Reasonable accommodation in the ADA of 1990 protects persons with disabilities by ensuring that other than provision of physical access to buildings and provision of equal access to programs and services, this category of citizens access auxiliary services, aids, and removal of barriers in public utilities provided that this does not create undue administrative or financial burdens. The ADA 1990 defines reasonable ccommodation to entail â€Å"making existing facilities used by employees readily accessible and usable by disabled persons, job restructuring, part time or modified work schedules, re-advertisement to vacant person, acquisition or modification of equipment or devices and appropriate adjustment or modification of examination†(Matt, 5). Discuss the Supreme Court’s decisions in Sutton and Toyota Manufacturing In Williams’s case, The Supreme Court visited the question of severity of a condition that qualifies it to be a protected disability. The Supreme Court held that the employee’s medical condition known as carpal tunnel syndrome was not a disability because it was not substantially limiting. It was further stated that for an impairment to be referred to as a disability, it has to prevent or severely restrict a person from undertaking in tasks that are of essential value to a person in everyday life. The court underscored the need for strict interpretation of the phrase ‘’substantially limits. ’ The ruling in Williams’s case brought into fore the inability of ADA to accommodate cases characterized by dismissal of many disability cases (Raddatz, 2). In Sutton v. United Airlines, the plaintiff sued for discriminative acts by a potential employer. In the case, the plaintiffs were two twin myopic sisters who had applied for employment as commercial pilots but their request was rejected because they did not attain the minimum value for uncorrected eyesight. The Supreme Court held that the question of whether somebody is disabled and thus be protected by ADA must be looked at with reference to all mitigating measures. For instance, if a person is severely limited in undertaking day-to-day activities without medical intervention but is only slightly limited to undertaking these tasks after medical interventions, the medical intervention serves to negate the impairment from being referred to as a disability as outlined in the ADA (Raddatz, 1). The ADAAA of 2008 including its intended purpose and significant changes from the ADA of 1990 The ADAAA 2008 is an Act of the Congress that went into operation on January 1, 2009. It amended the ADA of 1990 and other nondiscrimination laws that were drafted for the good of people with disability at state and federal levels. The amendment was introduced with respect to myriad Supreme Court rulings on ADA 1990. THE Supreme Court decisions were viewed by the members of the United States Congress as limiting the rights of people with disabilities (Schall, pp. 192). The ADAAA indeed reversed those decisions. With respect to ADA Title I, ADAAA changed the definition of disability. It clarified and broadened its definition. One notable contribution of this amendment is to take into consideration of both the employer and employee. With ADAAA 2008, courts are expected to interpret ADA and other Federal disability non-discrimination laws and determine whether the covered entity has discriminated. This law preserves the original meaning definition of law as written in the ADA but alters the way that statutory term should be construed (Matt, 5). Legal analysis of Billy and Mandy’s requests applying both the ADA and ADAAA Based on the Americans with Disability Act of 1990, Mandy’s request should not be honored because she is not substantially limited in her daily activities without using medical interventions like consulting an optician to initiate corrective measures to remedy far sightedness. However, with the ADAAA, her request should be granted because the Act prohibits consideration of medication and low vision devices in determining whether a condition is a disability. Billy Beer’s request has to be granted because according to the Reasonable Accommodation and from the definition of disability in Title I, Billy’s condition is covered and indeed considered a disability. Moreover, ADAAA prioritizes discrimination initiated by covered entity as opposed to whether the person seeking protection under law has impairment that fits the statutory definition of disability. Works Cited Acemoglu, Daron and Angrist, Joshua D. Consequences of Employment Protection? The Case of the Americans with Disabilities Act. Journal of Political Economy 109(6), 2001, 915–957. Matt, Susan. Reasonable Accommodation: What does the Law Really Require. Journal of the Association of Medical Professionals with hearing Loses, 1(1), 2003, 1-13 Raddatz, Alissa. ADA Amendments overrule Supreme Court Decisions on What Constitutes Disability. 2009. Web. 3 Dec. 2011. Schall, Carol M. The Americans with Disabilities Actâ€â€Are We Keeping Our Promise? An Analysis of the Effect of the ADA on the Employment of Persons with Disabilities. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation 10(9), 1998, 191-203. How to cite Americans with Disabilities Act 1, Papers
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